No.  Medicare Part D prescription drug plans and Medicare Advantage plans are “guaranteed issue” to all people living within the plan’s service area - with only very limited exceptions (such as Special Needs Plans).

And since 2021, guaranteed issue rights are extended to people with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) who wish to join a Medicare Advantage plan.  (However, Medicare Advantage Special Needs Plans for dual-eligible people (D-SNPs) may still be allowed to exclude people with ESRD).

The Exception to Guaranteed Issue Rights: Medicare Advantage Special Needs Plans (SNPs)

If you apply for a Medicare Advantage Special Needs Plan (SNP), you must meet the "need" addressed by the plan (specific chronic condition(s) or financial need or residence in a long-term care facility).  For example, if you join a SNP designed for people with Diabetes - you must be diabetic.  If you are currently enrolled in a Medicare Advantage Special Needs Plan and you no longer meet the "need" requirement, you will be granted a Special Enrollment Period (SEP) to enroll in a different Medicare Advantage plan.

More about the exception to Dual- Eligible Medicare Advantage plan Special Needs Plan (D-SNP) guaranteed issue rights

As noted above, some Medicare Advantage SNPS are designed to work with the state Medicaid program and provide benefits for Dual-Eligible Medicaid/Medicare beneficiaries (D-SNPs) and these D-SNPs can deny enrollment to anyone suffering from ESRD - even though, since 2021, a person can join any Medicare Advantage plan even though they have ESRD. 

As the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid noted in the regulations dealing with ESRD Medicare Advantage plan enrollment: "States already have the ability in their state Medicaid agency contract with each D–SNP to restrict which dually-eligible individuals may enroll in the D–SNP.  If the state’s contract with a D–SNP excludes those with ESRD, the D–SNP may retain that exclusion in order to comply with the state contract required under § 422.107."  (https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2020-06-02/pdf/2020-11342.pdf)

Bottom Line:  To be eligible for enrollment in a:

(1) Stand-alone Medicare Part D prescription drug plan (PDP), you must

• be eligible for Medicare Part A and/or Medicare Part B and
  
• live in the Medicare plan's service area (state or multi-state CMS region).
  

(2) Medicare Advantage Plan (MA or MAPD), you must

• be enrolled in both Medicare Part A and Medicare Part B and
  
• live in the Medicare plan's service area (county or ZIP Code area)
  

Related Question:  Can a Medicare Advantage plan deny me coverage because of my health or pre-existing conditions?

No – with a few exceptions.  In general, Medicare Advantage plans no longer ask any health-related questions.In order to join a Medicare Advantage plan, a Medicare beneficiary must only reside in the Medicare Advantage plan’s service area (county or ZIP code) and have both Medicare Part A and Part B coverage.  The exceptions:Medicare Advantage Special Needs Plans are designed for people with a specific chronic illness (C-SNPs).  C-SNPs can ensure that plan members suffer from the specific chronic condition for which the plan is designed (such as, diabetes, chronic heart failure, kidney failure or End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), HIV/AIDS, or dementia).

Historical note about ESRD and Medicare Advantage plan coverage:

From 2006 to 2020, a Medicare beneficiary was not allowed to enroll in a Medicare Advantage plan (MA or MAPD) if they suffered from kidney failure or End-Stage Renal Disease (or ESRD) - that ESRD rule was changed in 2021.  As was true before 2021, if you are already a member of a Medicare Advantage plan and then suffer End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), your Medicare Advantage plan cannot end your plan coverage based on this medical condition.